The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions
نویسنده
چکیده
5 Interspecific relationships 48 INTRODUCTION 5 Predation 49 Location and geologic setting 5 Competition 50 Previous work 7 Commensalism 50 Approaches and study objectives 7 DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND Vertebrate paleontology 8 PALEOECOLOGIC SYNTHESIS 50 Paleobotany 8 Climate and paleogeography 50 Stratigraphy and correlation 8 Succession of the ancient communities 51 Acknowledgments 12 Summary of other environmental factors 52 KIOWA FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES AND ASSOCIATIONS 13 CONCLUSIONS 52 Modes of occurrence of Kiowa fossil assemblages 13 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS AND Texture, structure, and shape of sedimentary body 13 PALEOECOLOGIC DISCUSSIONS 54 Dispersion of fossils 13 Introduction 54 Density of fossils 13 Phylum Porifera 54 Orientation of fossils 13 Phylum Coelenterata 55 Dissociation of hard parts 13 Phylum Bryozoa 55 Fragmentation of remains 14 Phylum Brachiopoda 57 Size-sorting of abundant species 14 Phylum Annelida 58 Faunal composition 14 Phylum Mollusca 58 Modes of origin of Kiowa fossil assemblages 16 Class Bivalvia 58 Definition of Kiowa fossil associations 16 Subclass Palaeotaxodonta 58 Lithofacies and fossil associations 29 Subclass Pteriomorphia 59 Dark-gray shale lithofacies 29 Subclass Palaeoheterodonta 70 Mudstone lithofacies 30 Subclass Heterodonta 71 Thin-laminated sandstone lithofacies 31 Subclass Anomalodesmata 77 Thin-bedded sandstone lithofacies 34 Class Scaphopoda 78 Mottled-sandstone lithofacies 35 Class Gastropoda 78 Shell-conglomerate lithofacies 36 Subclass Streptoneura 78 Geographic and stratigraphic variations 39 Subclass Euthyneura 82 Comparison of Kiowa fossil associations with Class Cephalopoda 83 analogous marine communities 39 Phylum Arthropoda 84 Introduction 39 Phylum Echinodermata 86 Nuculana association 45 Trace fossils 86 Corbulid-breviarcid association Trachycardium-Turritella association Pteriid-mytilid association Gryphaea association 45 46 46 47 APPENDIX A—METHODS OF STUDY Field methods Laboratory methods 88 88 88 Cypritneria association 47 Simpson's diversity coefficient 90 Crassostrea association 48 Jaccard coefficient 90 Brachidontes association 48 APPENDIX B—DESCRIPTIONS OF LOCALITIES 90 Trace fossil association 48 REFERENCES 91
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